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Sentence 1：Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.
必備詞匯和短語(yǔ)：regard ... as ...把……視為……;jury system陪審團(tuán)制度;concrete具體的;crucial重要的;democratic values民主價(jià)值觀;principle原則;minimal最 低的，最小限度的;qualification資格;literacy讀寫(xiě)能力;be competent to能夠勝任;serve on擔(dān)任;juror陪審員;randomly隨機(jī)地，任意地;representative有代表性的;cross section橫截面，有代表性的實(shí)例;deny否認(rèn);on account of由于，因?yàn)?religion宗教;national origin國(guó)籍;defendant被告;be entitled to有……的資格;trial審訊;peer同齡人，同等地位的人;verdict裁決;conscience良心
主干：Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)是Many Americans，謂語(yǔ)是regard，賓語(yǔ)是the jury system，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values，其中of crucial democratic values是of介詞短語(yǔ)作expression的后置定語(yǔ)
同位語(yǔ)：including the principles ...是同位語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)the jury system的同位語(yǔ)
同位語(yǔ)從句：that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law是and并列的5個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，作principles的同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明principles
定語(yǔ)從句：who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾citizens
翻譯：很多美國(guó)人把陪審團(tuán)制度視為重要的民主價(jià)值觀的具體體現(xiàn)，包括以下原則：所有滿足最 低年齡、文化資格要求的公民都能擔(dān)任陪審員;所有的陪審員都應(yīng)該從具有代表性的典型社會(huì)成員中隨機(jī)選擇;沒(méi)有公民應(yīng)該由于種族、宗教、性別或國(guó)籍而被否認(rèn)擔(dān)任陪審員的權(quán)利;被告有資格被同行審判;裁決應(yīng)該代表社會(huì)的良心，而不僅僅是法律條文。
Sentence 2：Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of “Strauder” v. “West Virginia”, the practice of selecting so called elite or blue ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.
必備詞匯：the Supreme Court最 高法院;prohibit禁止;intentional故意的;racial discrimination種族歧視;practice做法;elite精英;blue ribbon一流的;antidiscrimination laws反歧視法
主句：the practice ... provided a convenient way ...主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，of selecting so called elite or blue ribbon juries是of介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the practice，around this and other antidiscrimination laws是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾way
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of “Strauder” v. “West Virginia”,從句的主語(yǔ)是the Supreme Court，of the United States是of介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the Supreme Court，謂語(yǔ)是had prohibited，賓語(yǔ)是intentional racial discrimination，in jury selection是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾discrimination，as early as the 1880 case of “Strauder” v. “West Virginia”是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
翻譯：盡管美國(guó)最 高法院早在1880年的“Strauder”訴“西弗吉尼亞州”的案例中已經(jīng)禁止了陪審團(tuán)遴選中的故意的種族歧視，但是選擇所謂的精英或者一流的陪審團(tuán)的做法為繞過(guò)這種或者是其他的反歧視法律提供了便利。
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