A subject which seems to have been insufficiently studied by doctors and psychologists is the influence ofgeography and climate on the psychological and physical health of mankind.There seems no doubt that the general character of the landscape, the relative length of day and night, and the climate must all play a big part in determining what kind of people we are.
It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified .contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply, or perhaps types of land thatprovide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats.
Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries .with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less vivacious than inhabitants of countries where the climateis more equable(穩定的). And where the olive and the orange grow, there the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and spontaneous.
But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate: the influence: of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open temperament? Is the strength and height of one of the Kenyan tribes due to their habitual drinking of the blood of cows?
We are not yet sure of the answers to such .questions, but let us hope that something of benefit to mankind may eventually result from such studies.
練習題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to______.
A.alert readers to the scarcity of natural resources
B.call for more research on the influence of geographical environment
C.introduce different elements in character cultivation
D.draw more attention to the health condition of mankind
2.It can be inferred that proper amounts of iodine, fluoride and calcium can_____.
A.benefit people’s physical health
B. influence the quality of water supply
C.help provide breeding places for pests.
D. strengthen a person's character
3.How does the author evaluate the generalizations of people's types in Para. 3?
A.Such generalizations help us judge the different characters of people we meet
B.Such generalizations are not inclusive enough to draw a convincing conclusion.
C.Such generalizations prove that nature plays an important role in determining social habits.
D.Such generalizations show that there are mainly two different types of people on the planet.
4.According to the passage, research into the influence of climate and geography should ____.
A. focus on unknown aspects
B. be pursued on a larger scale
C. be carried out among remote tribes
D. go ahead in depth
5.What do we know about the generalizations of people’s type?
A.People who like drinking wine tend to be optimistic.
B.People who live in mountain areas tend to have a long life.
C.People who live in areas with stable climate tend to be talkative and lively.
D.People who like drinking cow blood tend to be strong and tall.
1.[B] 主旨大意題。本文一開頭就提出：關于地理環境對人的影響，研究得還不充分。接下來的每段開頭句也都進一步闡述這個觀點，如第2段首句和第4段首句，結尾句又提出希望，所以正確答案為B.選項C和D沒有全面概括環境和人兩方面的因素。選項A完全與文章無關。
2.[A] 推理判斷題。句中的good health與后面的contributory factors告訴讀者選項A是正確的。選項B中的the quality是無中生有。選項C中的provide breeding places for pests在文中的主語是land。選項D中的character跟水中的礦物質無關。
3.[B] 觀點態度題。緊接第2段論證環境和健康的關系之后，第3段看似論述環境和個性的關系，舉了兩種比較典型的環境和性格特征的例子,但是,第4段第1句就把前面的表面現象給否定了，所以此題答案為B。其他三個選項立場都錯了。
4.[D] 事實細節題。作者在第4段第1句破折號后指出應對地理和氣候的影響進行更深人的研究，故選項D正確。
5.[C] 事實細節題。第3段第2句表明選項C正確。這兩段都提到了人的類型的歸納,第3段中的歸納是正確的，而第4段中的歸納是有待考證的，因此,本題要依據第3段描述的類型做出選擇。
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